Sutra 211

HNV 211

Nāma-viṣṇupada 235

२११ । हस्य ढः, नहो धः, दादेस् तु धातोर् घः, द्रुहमुहनशस्नुह
स्निहां वा विष्णुपदान्ते वैष्णवे च
211. hasya ḍhaḥ, naho dhaḥ, dādes tu dhātor ghaḥ, druha-muha-naśa-snuha-

snihāṁ vā viṣṇupadānte vaiṣṇave ca

hasya—of ha-rāma; ḍhaḥ—the replacement ḍha-rāma; nahaḥ—of the dhātu
ṇah[a] bandhane (4U, to bind, tie); dhaḥ—the replacement dha-rāma; da-
ādeḥ—beginning with da-rāma; tu—but; dhātoḥ—of a dhātu; ghaḥ—the
replacement gha-rāma; druha-muha-naśa-snuha-snihām—of the dhātus
druh[a] jighāṁsāyām (4P, to hate, seek to harm), muh[a] vaicittye (4P, to be
bewildered), ṇaś[a] adarśane (4P, to perish, disappear), ṣṇuh[a] udgiraṇe (4P,
to vomit), and ṣṇih[a] prītau (4P, to love, have affection for)64; vā—optionally;
viṣṇupada-ante—when the viṣaya is viṣṇupadānta; vaiṣṇave—when a vaiṣṇava
follows; ca—and.

When the viṣaya is viṣṇupadānta or when a vaiṣṇava follows, the final h of a
dhātu becomes ḍh. But the final h of the dhātu nah becomes dh, the final h of
a dhātu beginning with d becomes gh, and the final varṇa of the dhātus druh,
muh, naś, snuh, and snih optionally becomes gh.

ja-varja-harigadāder ity-ādi—go-dhuk go-dhug go-duhau go-dhugbhyām go-
dhukṣu. kaṁsa-druh—kaṁsa-dhruk kaṁsa-dhrug kaṁsa-dhruṭ kaṁsa-dhruḍ
kaṁsa-druhau. kaṁsa-dhrugbhyām kaṁsa-dhruḍbhyām. evaṁ kṛṣṇa-muh
kṛṣṇa-snih ity-ādayaḥ. iti viṣṇujanāntāḥ puruṣottama-liṅgāḥ.

Vṛtti

The sūtra beginning with ja-varja-harigadādeḥ (sūtra 189) is
applied, and the forms are as follows.
 go-duh + s[u] → (138) go-duh → (211) go-dugh → (189) go-
dhugh → (61) go-dhug → (185) go-dhuk <1.1> or go-dhug <1.1>.
 go-duh + au → go-duhau <1.2>.
 go-duh + bhyām → (179, 211) go-dugh + bhyām → (179, 189) go-
dhugh + bhyām → (61) go-dhugbhyām <3.2>.
 go-duh + su[p] → (179, 211) go-dugh + su → (179, 189) go-dhugh

su → (63) go-dhuksu → (108) go-dhukṣu <7.3>.

Now we begin the declension of the word kaṁsa-druh (enemy of Kaṁsa).
 kaṁsa-druh + s[u] → (138) kaṁsa-druh → (two options by 211):

(h changes to gh) kaṁsa-drugh → (189) kaṁsa-dhrugh → (61)
kaṁsa-dhrug → (185) kaṁsa-dhruk <1.1> or kaṁsa-dhrug <1.1>.

64 The dhātus ṇaś[a], ṣṇuh[a], and ṣṇih[a] are mentioned in this sūtra with their initial
varṇas already changed to n and s by dhātv-āder ṇo naḥ (366) and dhātv-ādeḥ ṣaḥ saḥ (346)
respectively.

kaṁsa-dhruḍ → (185) kaṁsa-dhruṭ <1.1> or kaṁsa-dhruḍ <1.1>.

 kaṁsa-druh + au → kaṁsa-druhau <1.2>.
 kaṁsa-druh + bhyām → (179, two options by 211):

(h changes to gh) kaṁsa-drugh + bhyām → (179, 189) kaṁsa-
dhrugh + bhyām → (179, 61) kaṁsa-dhrugbhyām <3.2>.
(h changes to ḍh) kaṁsa-druḍh + bhyām → (179, 189) kaṁsa-
dhruḍh + bhyām → (179, 61) kaṁsa-dhruḍbhyām <3.2>.

The words kṛṣṇa-muh (one who bewilders Kṛṣṇa), kṛṣṇa-snih (one who loves
Kṛṣṇa), and so on, are declined in a similar fashion.

Thus ends the declension of masculine words ending in a viṣṇujana.

Saṁśodhinī

All the dhātus mentioned here refer both to the dhātus proper
and to their kvib-anta forms (the nāma formed by applying the kṛt pratyaya
[k]vi[p] after the particular dhātu). This is because the kvib-anta forms are
also considered dhātus in accordance with vṛtti 134. Thus viṣṇupadānte is for
the kvib-anta forms nah, druh, and so on, while vaiṣṇave is for the proper
dhātus nah[a], druh[a], and so on.

Amṛta

Given that normally the dhātu druh[a] would always undergo the
change to gh because it begins with d, there is an optional change to ḍh. Given
that normally the dhātu ṇaś[a] would always undergo the change to ṣ by sūtra
182, there is an optional change to gh. And given that normally the rest of
these dhātus would always undergo the change to ḍh, by the phrase hasya
ḍhaḥ (211), there is an optional change to gh. Examples of the other dhātus
will be given later, but examples of ṇaś[a] (in its kvib-anta form) are:

 naś + s[u] → (138) naś → (two options by 211):

(the change to gh is done) nagh → (61) nag → (185) nak <1.1> or nag <1.1>.
(the change to gh isn’t done, 182) naṣ → (184) naḍ → (185) naṭ <1.1> or
naḍ <1.1>.
 naś + bhyām → (179, two options by 211):
(the change to gh is done) nagh + bhyām → (179, 61) nagbhyām <3.2>.
(the change to gh isn’t done, 182) naṣ + bhyām → (179, 184) naḍbhyām <3.2>

 naś + su[p] → (179, two options by 211):

(the change to gh is done) nagh + su → (63) naksu → (108) nakṣu <7.3>.
(the change to gh isn’t done, 182) naṣ + su → (179, 184) naḍ + su → (63)
naṭsu <7.3>.

Viṣṇujanāntā lakṣmī-liṅgāḥ
Feminine words ending in a consonant

tatra ca-rāmānta ṛc—ca-vargasyeti—ṛk ṛg ṛcau ṛcaḥ. ṛgbhyām ṛkṣu. evaṁ
tvac vāc. sraj—srak srag srajau srajaḥ. samidh—samit samid. sīman—sīmā
sīmānau sīmānaḥ. sīmnaḥ. sīmnā. ī-ṅyos tu vā—sīmni sīmani. ap nityaṁ bahu-
vacanāntaḥ. nānteti trivikramaḥ—āpaḥ apaḥ.

Among the feminine words ending in a viṣṇujana is the word ṛc (the Ṛg-
veda, or a sacred verse recited in praise of a deity), a word ending in ca-rāma.

 ṛc + s[u] → (138) ṛc → (177) ṛk → (61) ṛg → (185) ṛk <1.1> or ṛg
<1.1>.
 ṛc + au → ṛcau <1.2>.
 ṛc + [j]as → (93) ṛcaḥ <1.3>.
 ṛc + bhyām → (179, 177) ṛk + bhyām → (179, 61) ṛgbhyām <3.2>.
 ṛc + su[p] → (179, 177) ṛk + su → (63) ṛksu → (108) ṛkṣu <7.3>.

The words tvac (skin, the sense of touch) and vāc (speech, a word / statement,
a name of Sarasvatī) are declined in the same way. Now we begin the
declension of the word sraj (garland).

 sraj + s[u] → (138) sraj → (186) srak → (61) srag → (185) srak
<1.1> or srag <1.1>.
 sraj + au → srajau <1.2>.
 sraj + [j]as → (93) srajaḥ <1.3>.

Now we begin the declension of the word samidh (firewood):

 samidh + s[u] → (138) samidh → (61) samid → (185) samit <1.1>
or samid <1.1>.

Now we begin the declension of the word sīman (boundary / limit):

 sīman + s[u] → (163) sīmān + s[u] → (138) sīmān → (190) sīmā
<1.1>.
 sīman + au → (163) sīmānau <1.2>.
 sīman + [j]as → (163) sīmānas → (93) sīmānaḥ <1.3>.
 sīman + [ś]as → (170) sīmnas → (93) sīmnaḥ <2.3>.
 sīman + [ṭ]ā → (170) sīmnā <3.1>.

Due to the phrase ī-ṅyos tu vā (170), we get sīmni <7.1> or sīmani <7.1>.

 sīman + [ṅ]i → (170) sīmni <7.1> or sīmani <7.1>.

The word ap (water) is always used in bahu-vacana. There is trivikrama by
sūtra 163 and thus we get āpaḥ <1.3>:

 ap + [j]as → (163) āpas → (93) āpaḥ <1.3>.
 ap + [ś]as → apas → (93) apaḥ <2.3>.

apo do bhe

apaḥ—of the word ap (water); daḥ—the replacement da-rāma; bhe—when
bha-rāma follows.

The p of ap changes to d when bh follows.

adbhiḥ apsu. kakubh—kakup kakub kakubhau kakubbhyām kakupsu.
gir—ir-ur-anta-dhātoḥ—gīḥ girau giraḥ. gīrbhyām gīrṣu. evaṁ pur—pūḥ
purau puraḥ. catur—striyāṁ catasr-ādeśaḥ—catasraḥ catasraḥ catasṛbhiḥ
catasṛbhyaḥ catasṛbhyaḥ catasṛṇām catasṛṣu. div—

Vṛtti

 ap + bhis → (212) adbhis → (93) adbhiḥ <3.3>.
case bahu-vacana
prathamā āpaḥ
dvitīyā apaḥ
tṛtīyā adbhiḥ
caturthī adbhyaḥ
pañcamī adbhyaḥ
ṣaṣṭhī apām
saptamī apsu
sambodhana āpaḥ

Now we begin the declension of the word kakubh (a direction / region):

 kakubh + s[u] → (138) kakubh → (61) kakub → (185) kakup
<1.1> or kakub <1.1>.
 kakubh + au → kakubhau <1.2>.
 kakubh + bhyām → (179, 61) kakubbhyām <3.2>.
 kakubh + su[p] → (63) kakupsu <7.3>.

Now we begin the declension of the word gir (speech, word / statement). Ir-
ur-anta-dhātor uddhavasya trivikramo viṣṇupadānte (207) is applied, and
the forms are as follows.

 gir + s[u] → (138) gir → (207) gīr → (93) gīḥ <1.1>.
 gir + [j]as → (93) giraḥ <1.3>.
 gir + bhyām → (179, 207) gīr + bhyām → (179, 93) gīḥbhyām →
(83) gīrbhyām <3.2>.
 gir + su[p] → (179, 207) gīrsu → (203) gīrsu → (108) gīrṣu <7.3>.

case eka-vacana dvi-vacana bahu-vacana
prathamā gīḥ girau giraḥ
dvitīyā giram girau giraḥ
tṛtīyā girā gīrbhyām gīrbhiḥ
caturthī gire gīrbhyām gīrbhyaḥ
pañcamī giraḥ gīrbhyām gīrbhyaḥ
ṣaṣṭhī giraḥ giroḥ girām
saptamī giri giroḥ gīrṣu
sambodhana gīḥ girau giraḥ

The word pur (town / city) is declined in the same way.

 pur + s[u] → (138) pur → (207) pūr → (93) pūḥ <1.1>.
 pur + au → purau <1.2>.
 pur + [j]as → (93) puraḥ <1.3>.

case eka-vacana dvi-vacana bahu-vacana
prathamā pūḥ purau puraḥ
dvitīyā puram purau puraḥ
tṛtīyā purā pūrbhyām pūrbhiḥ
caturthī pure pūrbhyām pūrbhyaḥ
pañcamī puraḥ pūrbhyām pūrbhyaḥ
ṣaṣṭhī puraḥ puroḥ purām
saptamī puri puroḥ pūrṣu
sambodhana pūḥ purau puraḥ

Now we begin the declension of the word catur (four). In the feminine
gender, it is replaced by catasṛ.

 catur + [j]as → (151) catasṛ + as → (152) catasras → (93) catasraḥ <1.3>.
 catur + [ś]as → (151) catasṛ + as → (152) catasras → (93) catasraḥ <2.3>.
 catur + bhis → (151) catasṛ + bhis → (93) catasṛbhiḥ <3.3>.
 catur + ām → (151) catasṛ + ām → (105) catasṛ + n[uṭ] + ām catasṛnām →
(111) catasṛṇām <6.3>.
 catur + su[p] → (151) catasṛ + su → (108) catasṛṣu <7.3>.

Now we begin the declension of the word div (heaven, sky).

Saṁśodhinī

The words gir and pur are formed by applying the kṛt
pratyaya [k]vi[p] after the dhātus gṝ śabde (9P, to speak, praise, call out to)
and pṝ pālana-pūraṇayoḥ (3P or 9P, to nourish; to fill, fulfill) respectively.

diva au sau

divaḥ—of the word div (heaven, the sky); au—the replacement au-rāma;
sau—when s[u] follows.

The v of div changes to au when s[u] follows.

dyauḥ divau divaḥ. divam divau divaḥ. divā.

Vṛtti

 div + s[u] → (213) di + au + s[u] → (50) dyaus → (93) dyauḥ <1.1>.
 div + au → divau <1.2>.
 div + [j]as → divas → (93) divaḥ <1.3>.
 div + [ṭ]ā → divā <3.1>.

Amṛta

The Amara-koṣa offers the following definition of the word div:
sura-loko dyo-divau dve striyāṁ klībe tri-viṣṭapam, “sura-loka, dyo, div and
tri-viṣṭapa all refer to heaven. The words dyo and div are used in the feminine
gender, while the word tri-viṣṭapa65 is used in the neuter gender.”

214 / idva oivaRSNAupadAntae /